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[Relational analysis 1]

Table 2 Acknpwledgement of language (grammar and semantics)

A portion of Max’s speech at the wedding ceremony of Queenie and Alan.

A …don’t let the world begin and end for you with the – how many is it? four hundred? – people sitting here in this – the Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club today. These good friends of our parents and Allan’s parents, our father’s regional chairman and the former ministers of this and that and all the others, I don’t know the names but I recognize the faces, all right – who have mode us, and made this club, and made this country what it is.’
Grammars 2　1，2、Semantics 1　2、Semantics 2　1、Semantics 3　1、Semantics 4　1

B ‘There’s a whole world outside this.’ ‘Shut outside. Kept out. Shutting this in … Don’t stay inside and let your arteries harden, like theirs … I’m not talking about the sort of thing some of them have, those who have had their thrombosis, I don’t mean veins gone furry through sitting around in places like this fine club and having more than enough to eat-‘

Grammars 2　1、Semantics 1　2、Semantics 2　2、Semantics 3　1、Semantics 4　2

C ‘What I’m asking you to look out for is – is moral sclerosis. Moral sclerosis. Hardening of the heart, narrowing of the mind; while the dividends go up. The thing that makes them distribute free blankets in the location in winter, while refusing to pay wages people could live on. Smugness. Among us, you can’t be too young to pick it up. It sets in pretty quick. More widespread than biharzia in the rivers, and a damned sight harder to cure.’

Grammars 2　1，4、Semantics 1　4、Semantics 2　2、Semantics 3　2、Semantics 4　2

D ‘It’s a hundred per cent endemic in places like this Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club, and in all the suburbs your’re likely to choose from to live in. Just don’t be too sure they’re healthy, our nice clean suburbs for white only.’

Grammars 2　1，2、Semantics 1　6、Semantics 2　5、Semantics 3　1、Semantics 4　2

E ‘-and your children. If you have babies, Queenie and Allan, don’t worry too much about who kisses them – it’s what they’ll tell them later, that infects. It’s what being nicely brought up will make of them that you’ve got to watch out for. Moral sclerosis – yes, that’s all I wanted to say, just stay alive and feeling and thinking – and that’s all I can say that’ll be of any use …’

Grammars 2　1，2，4、Semantics 1　4、Semantics 2　2、Semantics 3　2、Semantics 4　2

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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4.5 Frontal cortex and development of morals

　The temporal cortex is related to the development of language and the occipital lobe is related to the development of eyesight. What is the frontal cortex related to? It is the development of morals. The frontal cortex is fully developed around 18 years old. The degree of maturity of a brain is measured by the myelination of neural paths. The axon of the long path is covered by white lipid tissues.
　The tissues increase speed of the neural signal along the path, therefore, the transmission between each area of the brain is swift. The frontal cortex coordinates with other various areas of the brain and the long-distance transmission is very important. At 18 years old, the path to connect the remote brain areas to the frontal cortex has completely myelinated, and the frontal cortex can play various roles perfectly.
　The story teller is a white lady. She got pregnant at 18 years old and married, then had a baby with Max. His father was a representative of the United Party, therefore, his family observed conventions to save face. But Max gave a toast to his sister Queenie and her husband Alan because he was married and had a wife and baby and became an adult.
　Max is thin and of average height, with thick wrists small blue eyes. He resembled his mother. Queenie was also beautiful. He prayed with all his heart for the success of the bride and groom and their future. The activity of frontal cortex is also very important here. The frontal association area has general intelligence to guide an optimal action under a difficult situation, and influences social and emotional intelligence, which is the key to succeed.
　One gives advice about life in the speech at a wedding ceremony. Max pointed out that an artery becomes battered if one excludes the outsider, and rather, eats delicious meals more than necessary in a comfortable club. But there is the mental arteriosclerosis with self-righteousness and deception. The white people’s area is infected by the disease, and the medical treatment is difficult. If one raises a child in the white people’s area, the child will succumb to mental arteriosclerosis. Max’s speech sounds like a lecture, and I wonder if whether or not this is something to say at a wedding ceremony. He gets to the point in a casual way. His morals are developed.

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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4.4 Frontal cortex and working memory

　The frontal cortex controls memory through the process of ever-changing decision, selection and switching. This kind of memory is called “working memory”, in particular, the behavior of reminiscence is the relation of the frontal cortex to working memory. The frontal cortex knows what information is stored in what place, and can recall such memory when the place of storage is found, because the frontal cortex connects with that part of brain and activates the circuit, including memory trace. Working memory is related to the adaptive decision-making based on priorities when there is a truth, that is, a deterministic way to seek the only answer.
Both Gordimer’s and Max’s motivation is the adaptive decision-making (anti-apartheid), therefore, I will attempt to identify a solution there. I think that it is difficult for the adaptive decision-making to achieve a balance between situation-dependence and independence. Generally speaking, women like situation-independence and men like situation-dependence. If the situation is safe, independence is better, if the situation is unsafe, dependence is better.
The frontal cortex has differences between genders. The right frontal cortex of men is more beetling than the left, unlike for women. As to the decision-making of situation-dependent scenarios, men activate the left prefrontal cortex, and women activate both sides of the posterior cortex. Furthermore, for the decision-making of situation-independence scenarios, men activate the right prefrontal cortex and women activate both side of the prefrontal cortex.
There is another difference of the functional pattern in the cerebral cortex between sexes. The brain of men have more prominent differences of right and left parts than women. The brain of women have more prominent differences in the anteroposterior parts than men. When dealing with language information, men activate the anteroposterior part in the left hemisphere, while women activate the frontal cortex of the right and left cerebral hemisphere.
“The Late Bourgeois World” describes the motivation of white people related to the revolution of South Africa based on the working memory of Max, in one particular day of the storyteller’s life. Therefore, when Gordimer wrote the novel as a woman, her right and left prefrontal cortex was active.

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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4.3 Frontal association area and motivation

The frontal association area supports learning abilities such as thought and inference, and commands one to behave humanly. It is important for learning ability to keep a motive and an appetite for leaning and to generate enthusiasm. The frontal cortex is involved in the adjustment of enthusiasm.
Learning ability improves when the neurotransmitter dopamine rises. When mental rewards such as pleasure, accomplishment, praise and love excite the nucleus accumbens of the limbic system, dopamine rises. Dopamine excretes from nerve nuclei such as substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventrotegmental area in the mid-part of the brain stem and reaches the entire brain, including the hypothalamic area and brain cortex. Substantia nigra pars compacta is related to the adjustment of movement. When one gets moderate exercise, one is refreshed and keeps trying because dopamine levels rise from movement.
Dopamine excretes much more when one lays out a goal and accomplishes the goal. Graham will be the best in “The Late Bourgeois World”, if a lady proposes marriage to a man in South Africa of the day. The storyteller married with Max at 18 years old and had a baby, then divorced him. When Max went to prison, Graham helped her form a petition.
His wife died from meningitis. Graham makes a defense against politically accusing people and acts unflinchingly, even if they have an impending danger. The storyteller passed on marriage with Graham in the Black Forest of Germany. If she wanted a marriage, it would have happened. Graham doesn’t quit and carried out and keeps his promise. We are attracted to the idea like a magnet.
Goal setting is generally difficult and if one can achieve it, it’s all well and good. One puts the goal on paper to visualize it, and one can be compensated by dopamine. If they reach their goal and are congratulated by family and friends, it will encourage them to try harder. This is the cycle of development of learning abilities. For example, learning goal setting → dopamine secretion → increased motivation → study → learning goal setting → dopamine secretion → increased motivation for next goal →learning goal setting.
When I consider the goal setting in “The Late Bourgeois World”, the death of Max becomes an important problem. Max left school to work. But work was unstable and joined the COD (committee of democrat) to be directly involved with the political movement of the African people. After that, he became a leader of the African sociological movement and approached the common people (blacks). The manuscript on the method of the African sociological movement wasn’t confiscated. Max vanished and reappeared after the divorce. The storyteller heard gossip about the relationship with an underworld organization, but Max ended up dying shrewdly.

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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4.2 Outline of the frontal cortex

　As I explained above, motivation is the will to activate purposefully when one goes into action. Gordimer asked whether white people can participate in the revolution of South Africa to end the society of white people who do not engage in the anti-apartheid movement. But even if one plans something with a desire, they may not be filled with any sufficient appetite. The brain activity of appetite, planning and motivation is mainly controlled by the frontal cortex, therefore, I explain the outline of the frontal cortex as follows.
　The frontal cortex is related to another association area consisting of the parietal lobe, temporal lobe and occipital lobe and has links to auditory sense, somatic sense and visual sense. Furthermore, it has strong links with the amygdala to influence the hypothalamic area, emotion and motivation.
　The frontal cortex has a lot of functions related to one’s will, plan, appetite, feelings, pronunciation of language and movement. Learning activities such as thought and inference are supported by the frontal association area. The information of the five senses is eventually sent to frontal association area and is judged what to do.

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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4 Brain activity of Gordimer on writing

4.1 Medical terminology of Gordimer

　There is the micro-world study at the cellular level, and the macro-world study like biological clock, including the external environment leading to the whole body in medicine. The micro-world study is electronic and the macro-world study includes environmental problems around the world and earthquake disasters in information science. There are also the domestic and international factors in economics.
　I will apply such abduction and adjustment to art and science, in particular, the analysis of literature. If an individual person studies only individuals, the brain activity is humanities, and becomes out of date. The focal point is the presence of solving a problem in a novel. The brain of an author acts more strongly when resolving problems than not. For example, when the mental situation is beyond one’s control, Gordimer would like to use medical expressions to resolve a problem as follows.
　These medical expressions are related to the speech of Max in the marriage of Queenie with Alan.

(1) Don’t stay inside and let your arteries harden, like theirs… I’m not talking about the sort of thing some of them have, those who have had their thrombosis, I don’t mean veins gone furry through sitting around in places like this fine club and having more than enough to eat. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] Thrombus is a blood clot and when arteries become hardened, this is arteriosclerosis.

(2) What I’m asking you to look out for is – is moral sclerosis. Moral sclerosis. Hardening of the heart, narrowing of the mind; while the dividends go up. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)　
[Description of medical expression] In case of moral sclerosis, LDL pools with aging intra-arterially and inner cavity narrows and elasticity is lost. Moral sclerosis is drawn from this.

(3) It sets in pretty quick. More widespread than bilharzia in the rivers, and a damned sight harder to cure. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)　
[Description of medical expression] Bilharzia is a generic term of flatworms of trematodes. Male and female are mutant. Length of body is approximately 1.5 cm to 2 cm. The outside is long and thin.

(4) It’s a hundred per cent endemic in places like this Donnybrook Country and Sporting Club, and in all the suburbs you’re likely to choose from to live in. (Please see P. 31 in the original text.)
[Description of medical expression] Infection area becomes tainted by bacteria, toxic substances, radioactive material etc.

花村嘉英「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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　I see an author as a kind of expert, and wrote a paper about the risk avoidance seen in a novel. Generally speaking, an author sometimes sounds the alarm as an expert. For example, Luxun wrote a novel to help Chinese people from a mental disease called ma-ma-hu-hu, Ogai wrote historical novels to leave the universality after Emperor Meiji and General Maresuke Nogi died, and Thomas Mann wrote his novels and articles fearing that German development would stop in the first quarter-century of the 20th century.
　The appreciation of micro research is directed to personal devise, while the macro research analyzes that the brain activity of an author is something specific when he is writing a novel. This is called a synergic metaphor. Thus, I devised three examples, Thomas Mann and fuzzy, Luxun and chaos and Ogai Mori and feelings.
　1/ 2/ 3 are the process of acceptance reading, while 4 is the former and the latter of cognitive science, 5/ 6 ties the image together with heterogeneous C, 7 looks for the brain activity of an author, and 8 arrives at a synergic metaphor.

1　While analyzing each sentence, I pursue the intellectual property of the selected author. For example, I select a simple reading sample like writing style at the stage of acceptance, and look for heterogeneous C concerning the intellectual property at the stage of synergy. This is performed in steps 2 and 3.

2　I make a comparison table to get a comprehensive image.

3　I make a combination from the analysis of the text excerpt. For example, Thomas Mann is “irony and fuzzy” and Luxun is “ma-ma-fu-fu (leisurely) and memory” and Ogai Mori is “feeling and behavior”. If I couldn’t find any combination, I start over from step 1.

4　I confirm the former and the latter of cognitive process.

5　I consider the flow of the situation in the text, and divide the problem-solving scenario into resolved or unresolved.

6　The resolved scene arrives at heterogeneous C, then returns to the analytic image. The brain activity of an author is strong in a problem-solving scenario.

7　The theme is the risk avoidance and decision-making part which an expert a given area imagines. I will make a point of the risk avoidance in the presence of a problem (emergency landing, emergency medical care, stock market and earthquake disaster etc.) to connect to the generative image. I then consider the decision-making of an author from there.

8　I can make a synergic metaphor that is seen as the brain activity of an author. “Gordimer and motivation” is an ensemble of combinations based on the synergy of a text and the macro method considering the literature. The method incorporates the study of global scale and the shift of format of literary analysis.

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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[Story of L]

◇acceptance: language and literature (Gordimer) → acknowledgment (language) → space and time (endlessness)
◇synergy: space and time →acknowledgment (information) → motivation and intelligence (risk avoidance and adaptive ability)

　Just like social science and natural science, I make the analysis of micro and macro research for literature. Micro study is a particular field of contrastive linguistics, and macro is a global magnitude (north, south, east and west) and the shift of the research format. The shift of research format is the format L that deforms an inverted T of cognitive science extensively. The vertical axis is linguistic acknowledgment and the horizontal axis is information acknowledgement. Both axes are researched at the same time.

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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3 Micro and macro

　During the peak of apartheid when Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd governed South Africa, the citizens of the state were very strongly constrained. Even if one had any motivation and plan, one couldn’t act on it due to the given circumstances.
　The African National Congress, Pan-African Conference and African resistance movement attempted to overturn this. Many activists were apprehended during simultaneous nationwide raids in July, 1964. A leader of the African resistance movement, Max also participated. The African resistance movement was sprung from his writings and statements and he was consequently sentenced to ten years in prison.
　Max changed jobs too frequently and fell victim to the sabotage of white people and was arrested at an early stage. Finally he was sentenced to death, and therefore could never adapt to society.
　Life is filled with important life events and stress causes adjustment disorder, but personal important events (school attendance, independence, removal, marriage, divorce, unemployment and critical illness etc.) became the main cause of the disorder. The personality, the conceptual habit and the feeling of stress have a lot of influence. Anyone grows anxious and nervous and melancholy from terrible events. Adjustment disorder reacts strongly to stress and leads to specific symptoms appearing.
　“Space and time” that expresses an impossible unlimited situation becomes adaptive ability during motivation. The comprehensive ability leads to the far-sighted risk avoidance of Gordimer. An author is also an expert and has the specific brain ability of writing a novel. Generally speaking, space is dealt with by the right side of the brain, and time is related to right and left side because it creates a sensory and logical image.

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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　Thought reaches realistic judgement according to circumstances in the stream of mental activity that appears when a problem is given. Hanamura (2015) searches conscious, unconscious and thought aspects for “A Madman’s Diary” and “The True Story of Ah Q” of Luxun. Consequently, I could make the same synergic metaphor analysis for “Luxun and chaos”.
　Motivation is the will that motivates a behavior. When one goes into action, their desire, impulse and wish becomes the motivation. Motivation accommodates the will and desire that control the behavior and means the mentation to act on things positively. For example appetite, sex and sleep.
　Judgement defines truth and falsity, right and wrong, beautiful and ugly. Intelligence expresses the ability that human beings adapt to circumstances and encompasses overall mental ability like understanding, thought and judgement. Intelligence disorder is seen in mental delay and dementia.
　This paper focuses on “motivation and adaptive ability” and considers the brain activity of Gordimer. In South Africa during the 1960s when Gordimer wrote “The Late Bourgeois World” was a time of harsh repression. Even if one had any adaptive ability, they couldn’t use it in politics and law. Therefore, the motivation is strong in the action of the mind, and the activity of the prefrontal cortex (including will) becomes a point of contention. The frontal association area also integrates memory information from the temporal cortex, partial lobe of the cerebrum and the occipital lobe.

花村嘉英（2018）「『ブルジョワ世界の終わりに』から見たゴーディマの意欲について」より translated by Yoshihisa Hanamura

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